MSCI’s latest proposal has revived a strategic challenge for digital asset treasury companies, with Strategy and other firms facing renewed scrutiny over whether their businesses qualify as operating companies.
The index provider’s August 2026 consultation would examine companies whose operating assets fall below 50% of total assets. Firms failing that initial test would face five additional financial measures. Triggering at least four could make a company ineligible for MSCI’s Global Investable Market Indexes.
Strategy Challenges MSCI’s Approach
Strategy has formally opposed the proposal, arguing that the methodology unfairly targets companies with digital asset treasury strategies. The company says MSCI’s distinction between operating and non-operating assets remains unclear.
The dispute matters because index eligibility can influence institutional ownership, passive investment flows and a company’s access to capital markets. Analysts previously estimated that removing Strategy from MSCI indexes could cause billions of dollars in passive selling.
The proposed framework also creates uncertainty for companies whose balance sheets have changed rapidly because of digital asset acquisitions, financing activity or market movements.
Broader Rules Could Reshape Treasury Firms
MSCI originally considered excluding companies holding digital assets worth at least 50% of total assets. In January, however, it rejected that proposal and instead announced a broader review of non-operating companies.
The new approach could therefore extend beyond cryptocurrency. MSCI has said it wants to distinguish investment-oriented entities from companies that hold non-operating assets as part of broader business strategies.
That creates a strategic challenge for digital asset treasury firms. They may need to demonstrate operating activity, recurring cash flows and genuine business functions rather than relying primarily on asset accumulation.
The debate comes as the treasury-company model faces a tougher market environment. Bitcoin treasury companies have suffered significant declines in market value since the 2025 peak, increasing pressure on management teams to prove that their structures can generate sustainable shareholder value.
For Strategy, the immediate issue is not simply index membership. The broader challenge is convincing investors and index providers that a Bitcoin-heavy balance sheet represents an operating corporate strategy rather than an investment vehicle.
